Ziziphi iindlela zokugcina iziqhamo?

Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokugcina izinto:

1. Iindlela ezibonakalayo ziquka ikakhulu: ukugcinwa kobushushu obuphantsi, ukugcinwa komoya olawulwayo, ukugcinwa kwe-decompression, ukugcinwa kwemitha ye-electromagnetic, njl. Phakathi kwazo, iiteknoloji zokugcina izinto ezintsha eziphucukileyo ziquka ukugcinwa kwezinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo zobushushu obuphantsi kunye nomswakama ophezulu, ukugcinwa kwezinto ezintsha ezilungisiweyo zamanzi phakathi kweeseli, ukugcinwa kwezinto ezintsha ezilungisiweyo nge-ozone, njl. Nangona ezi teknoloji zokugcina izinto ezintsha zisetyenziswa kakhulu, zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, imisebenzi enzima, iindleko eziphezulu, kunye nobukhulu. Kukho ubunzima ekuyisebenziseni.

2. Iindlela zeekhemikhali ziquka ikakhulu izinto zokugcina izinto ezintsha. Izinto zokugcina izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka: ii-paint smears, izinto zonyango lwe-ethylene (izifunxi), izinto zokugcina izinto ezibulala iintsholongwane ezibulala iintsholongwane, njl. Ukuba isetyenziselwa ukugcina izinto ezintsha ekhaya, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto zokugcina izinto ezincinci. Ngokubanzi, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezibonakalayo, ezinje ngokugcina izinto ezishushu kakhulu (ifriji), i-cellar, ukuvala umphunga okanye ukufaka emanzini (ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu), kwaye zihlala zifuna uncedo lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezishushu.

Ngokuphathelele ukwahlulahlula, kukho iindlela ezilishumi ezithile (kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka kuthathwe inxaxheba kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezisandul’ ukugcinwa):

1. Ukugcinwa kwefilimu entsha:

Le yifilimu yokupakisha yeplastiki ehlala isetyenziswa kube kanye, esetyenziswa yiJapan. Yenziwe ziifilimu ezimbini ze-nylon ezikhanyayo ezinokungena kwamanzi ngamandla, kwaye intlama yendalo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-osmotic zifakelwe phakathi kweefilimu. Isiraphu yeswekile egobileyo esemgangathweni ophezulu inokufunxa kancinci amanzi aphuma kumphezulu wemifuno, iziqhamo kunye nenyama, ukuze ihlale intsha.

2. Ukugcinwa kwe-microwave

Le yindlela yokugcina imifuno, imifuno kunye neentlanzi zicocekile kubushushu obuphantsi yinkampani eseNetherlands. Isebenzisa ii-microwave ukuyifudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-72°C ngexesha elifutshane (120s), ize emva koko ibeke ukutya okucutshungulweyo kwimarike kwi-0-4°C, kwaye ingagcinwa iintsuku ezingama-42-45 ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Ifanelekile ukubonelelwa "kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo zexesha elithile" ngexesha lokungabikho kwexesha, kwaye ithandwa ngabantu.

3. Izigcini zemifuno neziqhamo ezityiwayo:

Le yi-preservative etyiwayo yemifuno neziqhamo eyenziwe yintlangano yokutya yaseBritane. Yi-"emulsion ekhanyayo" eyenziwe nge-sucrose, istarch, i-fatty acid kunye ne-polyester. Ingatshizwa, ibrashwe, kwaye ifakwe kwi-watermelon, i-tomato, i-bell pepper, i-eggplant, i-cucumber, i-apile, njl. Ixesha lokutsha kwebhanana kunye nezinye iindawo linokuba ziintsuku ezingama-200 nangaphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba le preservative yenza "ifilimu yokutywina" kumphezulu weziqhamo nemifuno, ethintela ngokupheleleyo ioksijini ukuba ingene ngaphakathi kweziqhamo nemifuno, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa injongo yokwandisa inkqubo yokuvuthwa kweziqhamo nemifuno kunye nokuphucula isiphumo sokugcina.

4. Ibhokisi ecocekileyo

Olu luhlobo olutsha lwekhathoni oluphuhliswe yiJapan Food Distribution System Association. Abaphandi basebenzise i-"Ristobalite" (uhlobo lwe-silicate) njengesongezelelo kwi-pulp. Kuba olu hlobo lomgubo welitye lunefuthe elihle lokufunxa kwiigesi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ubunzima bemifuno emitsha kunye neziqhamo abuyi kuncitshiswa, ngoko ke abathengisi bayakuthanda ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ikhethekile yokugcina nokuthutha kude.

5. Indlela yokugcina umxube weHydrocarbon:

Le "sisithinteli sendalo esityiwayo" esaphuhliswa yiBritish Sempei Biotechnology Company enokuphinda kabini ubomi bokugcinwa kweetumato, iipepile, iipere, iidiliya kunye nezinye iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Isebenzisa umxube ontsonkothileyo weehydrocarbons. Xa isetyenziswa, iyanyibilika emanzini ukwenza imeko yesisombululo, kwaye emva koko imifuno kunye neziqhamo eziza kugcinwa zintsha zifakwe kwisisombululo, ukuze umphezulu wemifuno kunye neziqhamo ugqunywe ngokulinganayo ngomaleko we-arhente yolwelo. Oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani beoksijini efunxwayo, kangangokuba phantse yonke i-carbon dioxide eveliswa ziziqhamo kunye nemifuno iya kukhutshwa. Ke ngoko, isiphumo sesithinteli kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bendawo yokugcina ebandayo esanda kugcinwa zifana ngqo "ne-anesthetics" esetyenziswa kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilale.

6. Iingxowa zokugcina izinto ezintsha zeseramikhi:

Le yingxowa yokugcina imifuno neziqhamo entsha enefuthe le-infrared eliveliswe yinkampani yaseJapan. Igqunywe kakhulu ngomaleko omncinci kakhulu wezinto zeseramikhi ngaphakathi kwengxowa, kwaye imisebe ye-infrared ekhutshwa yiseramikhi inokuvelisa ukufuma kwiziqhamo nemifuno. Intshukumo enamandla "ye-resonance" ikhuthaza ukugcinwa kweziqhamo nemifuno.

7. Indlela Yokugcina Ubuchwepheshe Be-elektroniki:

Oku kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ii-ion ze-oxygen ezingezizo kunye ne-ozone eziveliswa yi-high-voltage negative electrostatic field. Ii-ion ze-oxygen ezingezizo zinokuphelisa ii-enzymes ze-metabolic zeziqhamo nemifuno, ngaloo ndlela zinciphise amandla okuphefumla kweziqhamo nemifuno kwaye zenze buthathaka ukuveliswa kwe-ethylene njenge-arhente yokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. I-ozone yi-oxidant enamandla kunye nesibulali-ntsholongwane esilungileyo kunye ne-bactericide, engenakubulala kuphela kwaye isuse iintsholongwane kunye neetyhefu ezikhutshwa kwiziqhamo nemifuno, kodwa ikwathintela kwaye ilibazise i-hydrolysis yezinto eziphilayo kwiziqhamo nemifuno, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ixesha lokugcina iziqhamo nemifuno.

8. Indlela yokugcina ucinezelo:

Le yindlela entsha yokugcina iziqhamo nemifuno, enesiphumo esihle sokugcina iziqhamo zintsha, kwaye ineengenelo zolawulo olulula, ukusebenza okulula, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Amanye amazwe afana ne-United Kingdom, i-United States, iJamani, kunye neFransi aphuhlise izikhongozeli ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi ezineenkcazo ezisemgangathweni. , isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kweziqhamo nemifuno kumgama omde.

9. Ukugcinwa koxinzelelo:

Yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo yi-Food Science Institute yaseKyoto University eJapan. Isebenzisa uxinzelelo ukwenza ukutya. Imifuno ingagcinwa intsha ixesha elide kwaye intsha emva kokubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, i-asidi ayinakusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuyitya Kwimeko elungileyo, kulungile ukugcina ii-pickles kunye neziqhamo.

10. Indlela yokugcina iintsholongwane:

I-ethylene inefuthe lokukhuthaza ukuguga nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo nemifuno, ngoko ke ukuze iziqhamo nemifuno zihlale zintsha, i-ethylene kufuneka isuswe. Emva kokuhlolwa nophando, izazinzulu ziye zahlula uhlobo lwe-"NH-9 strain" olunokuvelisa izinto "ze-ethylene remover NH-T" ezisusa i-ethylene, enokuthintela ukuba mdaka, ukukhululeka, kunye nokulahleka kweenkozo ngexesha lokugcinwa kweediliya. Iitumato kunye nepepile zinokuthintela ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukutshintsha kombala kunye nokuthamba, kwaye zineziphumo ezicacileyo zokugcina imifuno itsha.